1. What does the poet mean by ‘I am a man: little do I last’? What does he try to convey through the expression ‘the night is enormous’?
Answer: In the line, the poet conveys the profound insignificance of mankind when juxtaposed(পাশাপাশি বসানো) against the vast expanse of the universe. The poet’s contemplation (গভীর চিন্তা) to the realization that human life, in its brevity, is transient.
As the poet gazes upon the starry sky, a sense of boundless existence permeates (প্রবাহিত /প্রসারিত হওয়া) his being. The immensity of the universe, stretching across eternity, is starkly contrasted with the fleeting (ক্ষণস্থায়ী) of human existence. Conversely(অপরদিকে), the night symbolizes darkness, representing the limitations of human thought and our ignorance regarding the infinite depths of the universe.
2. In the poem ‘Brotherhood’ what does the poet say about his position on earth? What does the poet mean by ‘I too written’? How does he understand this?
Answer: In the poem ‘Brotherhood’, the poet reflects upon the insignificance of his existence in the vast expanse of the universe. He becomes acutely aware of the brevity(সংক্ষিপ্ত) of his own lifespan.
Through the phrase ‘I too am written’, the poet conveys the belief that his life is predetermined(পূর্বনির্ধারিত) by a higher power, an omnipotent (সর্বশক্তিমান) force. Every aspect of existence, including his own, is governed by the cosmic laws that govern the universe.
The poet attains this understanding through his innate intuition(স্বতঃস্ফূর্ত উপলব্ধি) or instinctual perception. (সহজাত বুদ্ধি)
3. Give the significance of the line ‘Unknowing I understand’ in Brotherhood.
Or
Bring out the central idea of the poem ‘Brotherhood’.
Answer: In the poem ‘Brotherhood’, Octavio Paz gazes upon the celestial expanse of the starry night sky and experiences a profound realization: the stars possess the power to govern and shape the destiny of every element within the vast universe. This revelation is not derived from logical reasoning, as humanity remains largely ignorant of the intricate workings of the cosmos and its laws. Nevertheless, Paz comprehends that his own existence is intricately(সুক্ষ্ণভাবে/জটিলভাবে) intertwined with the fabric of the universe. Thus, he acknowledges that his life, too, is predetermined and ordained by a higher power.
In essence, this poem serves as a poignant reminder of the predicament of human existence and the insignificant nature of individuals when compared to the vastness of the cosmos. [Central idea র ক্ষেত্রে আগের প্যারার লাস্ট লাইটা( Thus, he acknowledges that his life, too, is predetermined and ordained by a higher power.) বাদ দিয়ে এই লাইনটা লিখতে হবে]
4. Bring out the significance of the title of ‘Brotherhood’.
Answer: In the poem ‘Brotherhood’, Octavio Paz gazes upon the celestial (আকাশ) expanse of the starry night sky and experiences a profound realization: the stars possess the power to govern and shape the destiny of every element within the vast universe. This concept reveals the notion of brotherhood, wherein all the diverse elements and entities share a common relationship underscoring the interconnectedness (আন্তঃসম্পর্কীয়) unity of all things. So, from the thematic point of view the title ‘Brotherhood’ is apt and appropriate.
